{"id":2910,"date":"2023-08-19T10:06:30","date_gmt":"2023-08-19T08:06:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mnwell.com\/?p=2910"},"modified":"2023-08-19T10:07:23","modified_gmt":"2023-08-19T08:07:23","slug":"what-is-cnc-machining","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mnwell.com\/de\/what-is-cnc-machining\/","title":{"rendered":"Was ist CNC-Bearbeitung?"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CNC machining is the manufacture and processing of parts and products under computer control. Numerical control machining involves the use of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools to make adjustments to a piece of material (i.e., a workpiece) by automatically removing excess material. Typically, the material we all work with is metal, and when the removal is complete, the finished product or part is produced. Such a process is also known as subtractive manufacturing. In order to better carry out CNC machining, computer applications are used to control the movement of machine tools. Common types of CNC machine tools include the most common milling and turning processes, followed by grinding, EDM, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Features of CNC machining<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. High degree of automation and very high production efficiency. Except for blank clamping, all other processing procedures can be completed by CNC machine tools. If combined with the automatic loading and unloading method, it is a basic part of the unmanned control factory.
    CNC processing reduces the labor of the operator, improves the working conditions, saves on marking, multiple clamping and positioning, testing, and other processes and auxiliary operations, and effectively improves production efficiency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Adaptability to CNC-machined objects When changing the processing object, in addition to changing the tool and solving the blank clamping method, it only needs to be reprogrammed without other complicated adjustments, which shortens the production preparation cycle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. High processing precision and stable quality. The processing size accuracy is between d0.005-0.01mm, which is not affected by the complexity of the parts, because most of the operations are automatically completed by the machine. Therefore, the size of batch parts is increased, and position detection devices are also used on precision-controlled machine tools , to further improve the accuracy of precision CNC machining.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. CNC processing has two main features: one is that it can greatly improve processing accuracy, including processing quality accuracy and processing time error accuracy; the other is the repeatability of processing quality, which can stabilize processing quality and maintain the quality of processed parts.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Welche Art der Bearbeitung ist CNC?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    According to the material and requirements of the machining workpiece, different processing methods can be selected. Understanding the common machining methods and scope of application will allow us to find the most suitable processing method for parts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Turning<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    The method of machining parts with a lathe is collectively referred to as turning. Using the forming turning tool, the rotating surface can also be processed when the horizontal feed is used. Turning can also process threaded surfaces, end planes, and eccentric shafts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The turning precision is generally IT11-IT6, and the surface roughness is 12.5-0.8\u03bcm. When finishing the car, it can reach IT6-IT5, and the roughness can reach 0.4-0.1\u03bcm. Turning has higher productivity, a smoother cutting process, and simpler tools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Scope of application: drilling center hole, drilling, reaming, tapping, turning outer circle, boring, turning end face, turning groove, turning forming surface, turning cone surface, knurling, turning thread<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Milling<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Milling is a method of processing a workpiece using a rotating multi-blade tool (milling cutter) on a milling machine, and the main cutting motion is the rotation of the tool. According to the same or opposite direction of the main movement speed and the feed direction of the workpiece during milling, it can be divided into down milling and up milling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (1) Climb milling<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    The horizontal component force of the milling force is the same as the feed direction of the workpiece, and there is generally a gap between the feed screw of the workpiece table and the fixed nut, so the cutting force is likely to cause the workpiece and the table to move forward together, causing the feed rate to suddenly increase, causing a knife attack.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (2) Up milling<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    The movement phenomenon that occurs during climbing milling can be avoided. During up-cut milling, the cutting thickness gradually increases from zero, so the cutting edge begins to experience a stage of squeezing and sliding on the cutting-hardened machined surface, which accelerates the wear of the cutting tool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Scope of application: milling plane, milling step, milling groove, milling shaped surface, milling spiral groove, milling gear, cutting off<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Planing<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Planing processing generally refers to the processing method of using the planer to make reciprocating linear motions relative to the workpiece on the planer to remove excess material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The planing precision can generally reach IT8-IT7, the surface roughness is Ra6.3-1.6\u03bcm, the planing flatness can reach 0.02\/1000, and the surface roughness is 0.8-0.4\u03bcm, which is superior to the processing of large castings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Scope of application: planing flat surfaces, planing vertical surfaces, planing step surfaces, planing right-angle grooves, planing inclined surfaces, planing dovetail grooves, planing D-shaped grooves, planing V-shaped grooves, planing curved surfaces, planing keyways in holes, planing racks, planing compound surfaces<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Grinding<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Grinding is a method of cutting the surface of a workpiece on a grinding machine using a high-hardness artificial grinding wheel (grinding wheel) as a tool, and its main motion is the rotation of the grinding wheel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The grinding precision can reach IT6-IT4, and the surface roughness Ra can reach 1.25-0.01\u03bcm, even 0.1-0.008\u03bcm. Another feature of grinding is that it can process hardened metal materials, which belongs to the scope of finishing, so it is often used as the final processing procedure. According to different functions, grinding can also be divided into cylindrical grinding, inner hole grinding, flat grinding, and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Scope of application: cylindrical grinding, internal grinding, surface grinding, form grinding, thread grinding, gear grinding<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Drilling<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    The process of processing various inner holes on a drilling machine is called drilling, which is the most common method of hole processing.
    The drilling precision is low, generally IT12~IT11, and the surface roughness is generally Ra5.0~6.3um. After drilling, reaming and reaming are often used for semi-finishing and finishing. The machining accuracy of reaming is generally IT9-IT6, and the surface roughness is Ra1.6-0.4\u03bcm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Scope of application: drilling, reaming, tapping, strontium hole, scraping plane<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Boring<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Boring processing uses a boring machine to expand the diameter of existing holes and improve the quality of the processing method. Boring processing is mainly based on the rotary motion of the boring tool.
    The boring machining precision is high, generally it is IT9-IT7, and the surface roughness is Ra6.3-0.8mm, but the production efficiency of boring machining is low.
    Scope of application: machining high-precision holes, multiple holes finishing<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tooth surface processing<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Gear tooth surface processing methods can be divided into two categories: forming methods and generating methods.
    The machine tool used to process the tooth surface by the forming method is generally an ordinary milling machine, and the tool is a forming milling cutter, which requires two simple forming movements: tool rotation and linear movement. The commonly used machine tools for machining tooth surfaces by generating method are gear hobbing machines, gear shaping machines, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Scope of application: gears, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    complex surface processing<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    The cutting process of three-dimensional curved surfaces mainly adopts the methods of profiling milling, CNC milling, or special processing methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Scope of application: components with complex surfaces<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    EDM<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    EDM uses the high temperature generated by the instantaneous spark discharge between the tool electrode and the workpiece electrode to erode the surface material of the workpiece to achieve machining.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Scope of application:<\/p>\n\n\n\n