{"id":2915,"date":"2023-08-21T17:14:54","date_gmt":"2023-08-21T15:14:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mnwell.com\/?p=2915"},"modified":"2023-08-21T17:15:01","modified_gmt":"2023-08-21T15:15:01","slug":"design-process-of-aluminum-alloy-gearbox-housing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mnwell.com\/tr\/design-process-of-aluminum-alloy-gearbox-housing\/","title":{"rendered":"Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 di\u015fli kutusu muhafazas\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m s\u00fcreci"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00d6zet: Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcmlere, kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm dolum i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda genellikle hava delikleri, b\u00fcz\u00fclme bo\u015fluklar\u0131 ve so\u011fuk kapanmalar gibi kusurlar\u0131n e\u015flik etti\u011fi olgusu hedeflenerek, bir otomobilin al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u015fanz\u0131man muhafazas\u0131 \u00f6rnek al\u0131narak, \u015fanz\u0131man muhafazas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131sal \u00f6zellikleri analiz edilir ve d\u00f6kme sistemi ve so\u011futma sistemi analiz edilir. \u00c7ekirdek \u00e7ekme yap\u0131s\u0131 tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, optimum i\u015flem parametreleri belirlenmi\u015f, test ve analizlerden sonra ve son olarak ger\u00e7ek kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcretimi ile do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f, i\u015flem plan\u0131n\u0131n rasyonelli\u011fi onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7lar g\u00f6stermektedir ki: sabit kal\u0131p s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 200 \u2103, hareketli kal\u0131p 220 \u2103, al\u00fcminyum s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6kme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 670 \u2103, yava\u015f enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 0,18 m\/s, h\u0131zl\u0131 enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 4,5 m\/s, i\u00e7 yolluk bas\u0131nc\u0131 Enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 48 m\/s ve kal\u0131p tutma s\u00fcresi 30 s oldu\u011funda, d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn \u015fekillendirme kalitesi daha iyidir. Makul kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm s\u00fcreci tasar\u0131m\u0131 yaln\u0131zca \u00fcretim verimlili\u011fini ve \u00fcr\u00fcn yeterlilik oran\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda kal\u0131p tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecini basitle\u015ftirir ve kal\u0131p geli\u015ftirme maliyetlerini azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluk, y\u00fcksek mukavemet, korozyon direnci, a\u015f\u0131nma direnci, iyi termal iletkenlik, kolay i\u015fleme ve g\u00fczel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm avantajlar\u0131na sahiptir. Otomobil, havac\u0131l\u0131k, makine, ileti\u015fim ve di\u011fer alanlarda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillendirme y\u00f6ntemleri esas olarak bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm, kum d\u00f6k\u00fcm, s\u0131kma d\u00f6k\u00fcm ve benzerlerini i\u00e7erir. \u015eu anda, al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin 49%'si kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm ile olu\u015fturulmaktad\u0131r. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ve toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm par\u00e7a \u00fcretiminin 75%'den fazlas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn iyi \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesi, y\u00fcksek boyutsal do\u011fruluk ve seri \u00fcretime uygunluk gibi bir\u00e7ok avantaj\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00dcretim s\u00fcrecinde, termal genle\u015fme ve b\u00fcz\u00fclmenin e\u015flik etti\u011fi al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerin fiziksel de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri nedeniyle, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak g\u00f6zenekler, b\u00fcz\u00fclme bo\u015fluklar\u0131, so\u011fuk kapanmalar ve \u00e7atlaklar gibi kusurlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak ve bu da al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerin \u00fcretim yeterlilik oran\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkileyecektir. Otomotiv alan\u0131nda al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in giderek daha kat\u0131 hale gelen gereksinimlerle birlikte, d\u00f6k\u00fcm end\u00fcstrisinin \u00fcr\u00fcn performans\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm s\u00fcrecini s\u00fcrekli olarak optimize etmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u00dcr\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 analizi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Yeni geli\u015ftirilen bir otomotiv al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 di\u015fli kutusu kabu\u011fu \u015eekil 1'de g\u00f6sterilmektedir. \u00dcr\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131, ya\u011f borular\u0131, takviye nerv\u00fcrleri ve y\u00fczeyin her yerinde montaj delikleri gibi i\u00e7b\u00fckey ve d\u0131\u015fb\u00fckey yap\u0131larla \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r, bu nedenle kal\u0131b\u0131n yandan ma\u00e7a \u00e7ekme mekanizmas\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u015eanz\u0131man muhafazas\u0131n\u0131n duvar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 analizi \u015eekil 2'de g\u00f6sterilmektedir. \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn malzemesi AlSi9Cu3, b\u00fcz\u00fclme oran\u0131 0,6%; maksimum d\u0131\u015f boyut 456 mm\u00d7381 mm\u00d7275 mm; a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k 9,9 kg; ortalama duvar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 4 mm; bir\u00e7ok ya\u011f ge\u00e7i\u015f deli\u011fi vard\u0131r, bu nedenle yo\u011funluk gereksinimi y\u00fcksektir ve g\u00f6zeneklilik gereksinimi Y\u00fcksektir, s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 tespit gereksinimleri, numune g\u00f6nderme gereksinimleri 5%'den y\u00fcksek olmayan g\u00f6zeneklilik, 3 mm'den b\u00fcy\u00fck olmayan g\u00f6zeneklerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Kal\u0131p tasar\u0131m\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

2.1 Ay\u0131rma y\u00fczeyinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm kal\u0131b\u0131nda, ay\u0131rma y\u00fczeyinin se\u00e7iminin genellikle kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn hareketli kal\u0131b\u0131n yan\u0131nda kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 gerekir, bu da f\u0131rlatma i\u00e7in uygundur ve bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm anahatt\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ayarlan\u0131r. \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle, i\u00e7 yap\u0131 do\u011frudan olu\u015fturulamaz ve hareketli ve sabit kal\u0131plar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lma y\u00f6n\u00fc ile tutars\u0131z olan par\u00e7alar\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fc yard\u0131m\u0131 ile olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekir. Ve \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn daha sonra kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in belirli bir kal\u0131ptan \u00e7\u0131karma e\u011fimi ayarlamas\u0131 gerekir. \u00dcst, alt ve sa\u011f s\u00fcrg\u00fclerin ve sabit ve hareketli kal\u0131plar\u0131n ay\u0131rma y\u00fczeyleri \u015eekil 3'te g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. \u015eekil 3a alt s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn ay\u0131rma \u00e7izgisini, \u015eekil 3b sa\u011f s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn ay\u0131rma \u00e7izgisini, \u015eekil 3c \u00fcst s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn ay\u0131rma \u00e7izgisini ve \u015eekil 3d hareketli ve sabit kal\u0131b\u0131n ay\u0131rma \u00e7izgisini g\u00f6stermektedir. Uygun ay\u0131rma y\u00fczeyinin belirlenmesi kal\u0131p tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n anahtar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 Yolluk sistemi tasar\u0131m\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

2.2.1 \u0130\u00e7 yolluk tasar\u0131m\u0131<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nrunner, \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesini ve \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecini do\u011frudan belirleyen kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm proses plan\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli unsurdur. Bo\u015fluk i\u00e7indeki ak\u0131\u015f formunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca tutarl\u0131 ve istikrarl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli veya zay\u0131f akan \u00fcr\u00fcn par\u00e7alar\u0131nda ayarlan\u0131r. Hesaplama form\u00fcl\u00fc i\u00e7in form\u00fcl (1)'e bak\u0131n\u0131z.
An =G\/\u03c1vgt (1)
Form\u00fclde: An, ingat\u0131n kesit alan\u0131d\u0131r, \u33a1; G, ingattan ge\u00e7en erimi\u015f metalin k\u00fctlesidir ve 10,9 kg olarak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u03c1, erimi\u015f metalin yo\u011funlu\u011fudur ve 2,7\u00d7103 kg\/m\u00b3 olarak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; vg, ingattaki metaldir S\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 tabloda 40 m\/s'dir; t, dolum s\u00fcresidir ve tabloda 0,07 s'dir. Form\u00fcl (1) ile hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, An 1 441 m\u33a1'dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2.2 Yolluk ve ta\u015fma sistemi tasar\u0131m\u0131<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Yolluk, yolluk ile i\u00e7 yolluk aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve yolluk kesit alan\u0131, yolluk ile i\u00e7 yolluk aras\u0131ndaki mesafeyi gittik\u00e7e k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltecek \u015fekilde tasarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r, bu da belirli bir Bas\u0131n\u00e7, d\u00f6kme i\u015fleminde girdap ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilir. Ta\u015fma sisteminin tasar\u0131m\u0131, d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerin kalitesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7ad\u0131r. \u0130\u015flevi, kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gaz\u0131, so\u011fuk malzemeyi, erimi\u015f metalin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve metalin birle\u015fti\u011fi yerdeki s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131 bo\u015faltmakt\u0131r. \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131sal \u00f6zellikleri yolluklar\u0131n d\u00fczenini belirler ve c\u00fcruf potas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeni genellikle kal\u0131p ak\u0131\u015f analizinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenir. Egzoz olu\u011funun i\u015flevi, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn i\u00e7 g\u00f6zenekleri \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkiye sahiptir. \u0130deal durum, egzoz olu\u011funun kesit alan\u0131n\u0131n ingate kesit alan\u0131n\u0131n 50%'sinden daha fazlas\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Egzoz olu\u011fu genellikle ta\u015fma olu\u011fu ile birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Normal \u00fcretimi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in egzoz olu\u011funun g\u00fcnl\u00fck bak\u0131m\u0131 ve temizli\u011fi gereklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 So\u011futma sistemi tasar\u0131m\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm kal\u0131b\u0131nda, so\u011futma sisteminin tasar\u0131m\u0131 kal\u0131b\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmeye elveri\u015flidir, b\u00f6ylece i\u00e7 \u0131s\u0131 dinamik bir denge durumuna ula\u015fabilir ve b\u00f6ylece \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kalitesi sa\u011flan\u0131r. \u015eekil 4, sabit ve hareketli kal\u0131plar i\u00e7in bir so\u011futma suyu devre \u015femas\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eekil 5, so\u011futma sistemli \u00fcr\u00fcn d\u00f6kme sisteminin \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu bir modelidir. So\u011futma sistemi su kanallar\u0131n\u0131 ve belirli pozisyonlar i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f baz\u0131 y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 nokta so\u011futma mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 nokta so\u011futma, pozisyonu tek ba\u015f\u0131na so\u011futmak i\u00e7in uzun kat\u0131la\u015fma s\u00fcresine sahip alana yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.4 \u00c7ekirdek \u00e7ekme mekanizmas\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ay\u0131rma y\u00f6n\u00fc ile tutarl\u0131 olmayan ve do\u011frudan \u015fekillendirilmesi kolay olmayan yan delikler ve alt kesimler i\u00e7in genellikle ma\u00e7a \u00e7ekme yap\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015fleminde, di\u015fli kutusu muhafazas\u0131 i\u00e7in kal\u0131p a\u00e7ma s\u0131ras\u0131, hareketli ve sabit kal\u0131plar ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, \u00f6nce ma\u00e7a \u00e7ekilir ve ard\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. \u015eekil 6'da g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi, \u015fekildeki i\u015faretli kutunun iki yan deli\u011fi i\u00e7in, y\u00f6nleri kal\u0131p a\u00e7ma y\u00f6n\u00fc ile tutars\u0131z oldu\u011fundan, belirli bir kal\u0131p \u00e7ekme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r, bu nedenle bu iki konum hidrolik silindir \u00e7ekirdek \u00e7ekme yap\u0131s\u0131 ile olu\u015fturulur. \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131sal \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re, iki hidrolik silindirin ma\u00e7a \u00e7ekme yap\u0131lar\u0131 hareketli kal\u0131p \u00fczerinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm makinesi ve proses parametrelerinin se\u00e7imi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

3.1 Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm makinesi se\u00e7imi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm makinesinin se\u00e7imi, enjeksiyon enerjisine, bas\u0131n\u00e7 odas\u0131 kapasitesine, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kuvvetine ve kal\u0131p kurulum boyutuna vb. ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kuvveti, kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcretimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda genle\u015fme kuvvetinin \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece kal\u0131b\u0131n ay\u0131rma y\u00fczeyini kilitlemek ve b\u00f6ylece erimi\u015f al\u00fcminyumun s\u0131\u00e7ramas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Normalde, kal\u0131b\u0131n kenetleme kuvveti teorik olarak hesaplanan genle\u015fme kuvvetinden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi takdirde, kal\u0131p s\u0131k\u0131ca kilitlenemez, bo\u015fluktaki bas\u0131n\u00e7 garanti edilemez ve s\u0131v\u0131 al\u00fcminyumun doldurma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ay\u0131rma y\u00fczeyinden ta\u015fmas\u0131 muhtemeldir, bu da d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn boyutsal do\u011frulu\u011funu ciddi \u015fekilde etkileyen parlama gibi kusurlara neden olur. Genle\u015fme kuvveti form\u00fcl\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi ifade edilebilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Kal\u0131pta eksantriklik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genle\u015fme kuvveti:
P=pA (2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Bir \u00e7ekirdek \u00e7ekme mekanizmas\u0131 oldu\u011funda, kama blo\u011funun e\u011fimi \u00fczerindeki normal kuvvet:
P=p1A1 tan \u03b1 (3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Form\u00fcl (2) ve form\u00fcl (3)'te: P, kal\u0131p ay\u0131rma y\u00fczeyindeki genle\u015fme kuvveti, N; p, enjeksiyona \u00f6zg\u00fc bas\u0131n\u00e7 MPa; A, d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn, yolluk sisteminin ve ta\u015fma olu\u011funun ay\u0131rma y\u00fczeyi toplam\u0131 \u00fczerindeki izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc; P1, kama blo\u011funun e\u011fik normal kuvveti, kN; A1, yanal hareketli \u00e7ekirde\u011fin \u015fekillendirici k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm alan\u0131, m2; \u03b1, kama blo\u011funun e\u011fim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kuvvetinin hesaplanmas\u0131:
T=KF toplam (4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Form\u00fclde: K g\u00fcvenlik fakt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr, burada 1,2 al\u0131n. Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nerilen enjeksiyon spesifik bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011ferini kontrol edin. Hava ge\u00e7irmez par\u00e7alar i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen enjeksiyona \u00f6zg\u00fc bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011feri 80-120 MPa'd\u0131r, burada 90 MPa al\u0131n\u0131r ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn e\u011fim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 10\u00b0'dir. Hesaplamadan sonra, gerekli s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kuvveti 31 161,6 kN'den d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kuvvetinin hesaplama sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na ve kurulum boyutunun ve kal\u0131p a\u00e7ma strokunun do\u011frulanmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, 3200T veya \u00fczeri bir kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm makinesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve son olarak kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm makinesinin modeli se\u00e7ilir: Buhler 3200T. Buna ek olarak, bas\u0131n\u00e7 odas\u0131 kapasitesi ve kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm makinesinin kurulum boyutlar\u0131 gibi parametreler de gereksinimleri kar\u015f\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm prosesi parametre se\u00e7imi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm proses tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n temeli ak\u0131\u015f, kat\u0131la\u015fma ve \u015fekillendirme teorisidir. Makul kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm proses parametrelerini se\u00e7in ve kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcretiminin deneme operasyonunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin. Bas\u0131n\u00e7 odas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131 140 mm olarak belirlenir ve optimum kal\u0131p \u00f6n \u0131s\u0131tma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00f6kme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve z\u0131mba h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015flemi parametreleri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Kal\u0131p \u00f6n \u0131s\u0131tma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 140, 160, 180, 200 ve 220 \u00b0C, d\u00f6kme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 650, 670, 680, 690 ve 700 \u00b0C, enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 0,1, 2,5, 3,5, 4,0 ve 4,5 m\/s olarak ayarlay\u0131n. S\u0131rayla birden fazla ortogonal test ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin, en iyi proses parametrelerini elde etmek i\u00e7in analiz edin ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2.1 Kal\u0131p \u00f6n \u0131s\u0131tma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Kal\u0131b\u0131n \u00f6n \u0131s\u0131tma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kalitesi \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Genel olarak, kal\u0131b\u0131n \u00f6n \u0131s\u0131tma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00f6kme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 1\/3'\u00fc olan 180 \u2103'nin \u00fczerindedir. \u0130nce duvarl\u0131 veya karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131l\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in s\u0131cakl\u0131k uygun \u015fekilde ayarlanabilir. \u015eu anda, d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn kalitesi daha iyi. Kal\u0131p \u00f6n \u0131s\u0131tma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ayarlan\u0131rsa, d\u00f6k\u00fcm artan b\u00fcz\u00fclme gerilimi nedeniyle \u00e7atlamaya meyillidir; kal\u0131p \u00f6n \u0131s\u0131tma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksekse, \u00f6n \u0131s\u0131tma s\u00fcresi artacak, \u00fcretim d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc uzayacak ve \u00fcretim verimlili\u011fi azalacakt\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok kez hata ay\u0131klamadan sonra, daha makul kal\u0131p \u00f6n \u0131s\u0131tma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabit kal\u0131p i\u00e7in 200 \u2103 ve hareketli kal\u0131p i\u00e7in 220 \u2103 olarak kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2.2 D\u00f6kme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6kme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, erimi\u015f metalin pres haznesinden bo\u015flu\u011fa girdi\u011fi ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r ve tutma f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011feriyle ifade edilir. D\u00f6kme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesi \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir etkisi vard\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funda, b\u00fcz\u00fclme b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr, gaz \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00e7atlaklara, iri tanelere ve yap\u0131\u015fkan kal\u0131plara e\u011filimlidir; . Ek olarak, enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 ve ala\u015f\u0131m bile\u015fimi ile ilgilidir. Bir\u00e7ok testten sonra, d\u00f6kme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 670 \u00b0C'de daha iyidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2.3 Enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Al\u00fcminyum s\u0131v\u0131 bo\u015flu\u011fa doldurulur ve enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 iki a\u015famaya ayr\u0131l\u0131r: yava\u015f enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 ve h\u0131zl\u0131 enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131. Yava\u015f enjeksiyon a\u015famas\u0131, z\u0131mban\u0131n bas\u0131n\u00e7 odas\u0131ndaki al\u00fcminyum s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131 i\u00e7 yolluk i\u00e7ine itene kadar z\u0131mban\u0131n al\u00fcminyum s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131 ileri itti\u011fi hareket s\u00fcrecini ifade eder ve h\u0131zl\u0131 enjeksiyon a\u015famas\u0131, al\u00fcminyum s\u0131v\u0131 bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurdu\u011funda z\u0131mban\u0131n enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. H\u0131zl\u0131 enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131, dolum kalitesiyle yak\u0131ndan ilgilidir. Z\u0131mban\u0131n enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse, d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u015fekillendirilemez veya \u015fekillendirme kalitesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olur. Enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131n, b\u00f6ylece erimi\u015f al\u00fcminyumun ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131n ve ak\u0131\u015f izleri ve so\u011fuk kapanmalar gibi kusurlar\u0131 \u00f6nleyin. Bir\u00e7ok uygulamadan sonra, bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en iyi h\u0131zl\u0131 enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 4,5 m\/s'dir. \u0130\u00e7 yolluk enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 ile h\u0131zl\u0131 enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki \u015f\u00f6yledir:
VnAn = VkAk (5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Form\u00fclde: Vn i\u00e7 yolluk enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r, m\/s; An i\u00e7 yolluk alan\u0131d\u0131r ve An =1 450 m\u33a1 form\u00fcl (1)'den elde edilir; Vk h\u0131zl\u0131 enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r ve 4,5 m\/s olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir; Ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 odas\u0131 i\u00e7indeki g\u00f6zenek alan\u0131d\u0131r ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 odas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131 140 mm'dir. Hesaplamadan sonra, i\u00e7 yolluk h\u0131z\u0131 48 m\/s'dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn enjeksiyon i\u015flemi be\u015f a\u015famaya ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: <\/p>\n\n\n\n